When sugar cane came from Bowen

In the last half of the nineteenth century, there were several unsuccessful forays into sugar cane growing in Bowen. The Bowen Sugar Company in the 1860s and Hildebrandt Brothers in the 1880s were two early failures. However, with the opening of the railway from Bowen to Proserpine in 1910, cane growing on the Don River near Bowen revived with the Field brothers and James Maltby planting cane by the Don.

The only market for this cane was the Proserpine Mill, transporting it over the newly opened railway. In 1911, Don River growers applied for a sugar mill of their own. The newly formed Royal Commission was examining whether the industry needed more government-financed mills. Giving evidence in court, George Turner, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, and James Maltby who was already growing cane on a smaller scale, referred to 4500 acres of land suitable for cane growing in the area. But the final report recommended that Don River farmers send their cane to Proserpine until such time as Proserpine could no longer cope.

“The first Bowen cane came in 1911, 15 tons from the Field brothers and James Maltby. The supply grew slowly, the first substantial railings being 1512 tons in 1918, 80 percent of it railed from Delta Siding. Most of the rest came from the Don with small amounts from Euri and Merinda. Less than 300 tons was sent the following year, but with railings from Bootooloo as well, cane reached 1750 tons in 1923, the last season for which the Railway Department recorded sugar cane separately from other agricultural produce. Some of the cane may have gone to Inkerman Mill on the Burdekin.” A Crystal Century

In July 1920, Proserpine growers expressed their disapproval of cane coming from Bowen but Proserpine Mill continued to crush Bowen’s cane until 1939 though in declining amounts. Other sources indicate that in 1922, twelve to fourteen growers supplied cane with 1900 tons being crushed and that, anticipating a great supply, the Proserpine Sugar Mill assisted with freight costs from the Don River. From 1921 to 1926, 11200 tons of cane came from Bowen with an average CCS of about 14. After 1926, the supply dwindled until 1939, then stopped. The cane had tapered off in favour of tomato growing and small crops.

“Surviving figures from Proserpine Mill from 1926 to 1936 show an average of just under 200 tons per year from the Bowen area. At the same time, an average of 1000 tons came annually by rail from Red Hill (now Koolachu) and from Debella, O’Hanlon Siding and Longford Creek combined.” A Crystal Century

“Expansion within the cane industry and an easing of the assignment system encouraged a number of Bowen growers to revive the idea of growing cane in the 1990s. They made some preliminary plantings, testing trickle irrigation as a means of growing it with reduced water requirements. As there was undeveloped cane land closer to the mill which could be more efficiently serviced, directors of the milling association decided that Bowen growers would have to be responsible for transport to the mill yard. They declined to increase the maximum cartage allowance of 60 cents per tonne.” A Crystal Century

Despite this, some growers continued to plant sugar cane in the Bowen district, transporting their crop by road. It would be almost another two decades before the venture came to an end; the last cane being delivered to the Proserpine Sugar Mill in 2018 by Richardsons Cane Farming.

The Richardsons commenced cane growing in 2008; one of the last three growers in the Bowen area around that time. A combination of factors spelt the end of this venture - costs of harvesting; transport costs and the loss of previously leased land which further impacted viability; all further exacerbated by low sugar prices. It might have been a far different story if the more recent favourable sugar prices had existed at the time.

Story and photo courtesy Proserpine Historical Museum and information also sourced from “A Crystal Century” by John Kerr. Thanks also to Mr Dave Richardson from Bowen for his input.

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