How To Identify Fish On The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef is home to more than 1,500 species of fish, making it one of the most diverse marine ecosystems on the planet. While it may seem overwhelming, there are a few simple ways to start identifying the fish you spot while snorkelling or diving.

Look at size and shape. Small, slender fish darting in and out of corals are often damselfish or gobies, while larger, bulky species like groupers and cod move more slowly and are easier to approach. Long, beak-like mouths suggest species such as butterflyfish, while the parrotfish’s strong, beak-shaped jaw is used to crunch coral.

Notice colour and patterns. Bright stripes and spots often belong to angelfish, butterflyfish or wrasse. The famous clownfish (or “Nemo”) is instantly recognisable with its orange body and white stripes, usually found among the waving tentacles of an anemone. Blue tang surgeonfish, made famous as “Dory,” are another colourful favourite.

Observe behaviour and habitat. Some species have distinctive habits that make them easy to identify. Damselfish often hover near coral heads, while schools of surgeonfish graze in open areas. Wrasse are known for their thick lips and can often be seen following divers curiously.

For many visitors, spotting members of the reef’s “Great Eight," clownfish, turtles, manta rays, Maori wrasse, sharks, giant clams, potato cod and whales – is the ultimate goal. With a little practice, you’ll soon learn to recognise the reef’s most fascinating fish and their unique characteristics.

You can also head to the queensland goverment website for a full list of fish species: www.qld.gov.au/recreation/activities/boating-fishing/rec-fishing/fish-species-guide/fish-species-id

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